Redlands, California

City of Redlands
—  City  —

Seal
Nickname(s): Jewel of the Inland Empire
Location of Redlands in California
Coordinates:
Country  United States
State  California
County San Bernardino
Incorporated (city) 1888
Government
 • Mayor Pete Aguilar[1]
Area[2]
 • Total 36.427 sq mi (94.344 km2)
 • Land 36.126 sq mi (93.565 km2)
 • Water 0.301 sq mi (0.779 km2)  0.83%
Elevation 1,358 ft (414 m)
Population (2010)
 • Total 68,747
 • Density 1,887.3/sq mi (728.7/km2)
Time zone PST (UTC-8)
 • Summer (DST) PDT (UTC-7)
ZIP Code 92373, 92374 [3]
Area code(s) 909 [4]
FIPS code 06-59962
GNIS feature ID 0252966
Website http://www.ci.redlands.ca.us/

Redlands ( /ˈrɛdlɨndz/) is a city in San Bernardino County, California, United States. As of the 2010 census, the city had a population of 68,747, up from 63,591 at the 2000 census. The city is located 10 miles (16 km) east of downtown San Bernardino.

Contents

History

The area now occupied by Redlands was originally part of the territory of the Morongo and Aguas Calientes tribes of Cahuilla people. Explorations such as those of Pedro Fages and Francisco Garcés sought to extend Catholic influence to the indigenous people and the dominion of the Spanish crown into the area in the 1770s. The Serrano (Mountain-dwelling Cahuilla) village of Guachama, located just to the west of present-day Redlands, was visited by Fr. Francisco Dumetz in 1810, and was the reason the site was chosen for a mission outpost. Dumetz reached the village on May 20, the feast day of Saint Bernardino of Siena, and thus named the region the San Bernardino Valley.[5] The Franciscan friars from San Gabriel established the San Bernardino Asistencia in 1819 and embarked on the usual program of training the native tribes to raise crops and encouraging permanent settlements. By 1820, a ditch, known as a zanja, was dug by the natives for the friars from Mill Creek to the Asistencia. In 1822, word of the Mexican triumph in the War of Independence reached the inland area, and lands previously claimed by Spain passed to the custody of the Mexican government.

In 1842, the Lugo family bought the Rancho San Bernardino Mexican land grant and this became the first fixed settler civilization in the area. The area northwest of current Redlands, astride the Santa Ana River, would become known as Lugonia. In 1851, the area received its first Anglo inhabitants in the form of several hundred Mormon pioneers, who purchased the entire Rancho San Bernardino, founded nearby San Bernardino, and established a prosperous farming community watered by the many lakes and streams of the San Bernardino Mountains. The Mormon community left wholesale in 1857, recalled to Utah by Brigham Young during the tensions with the federal government that ultimately led to the brief Utah War. Benjamin Barton purchased 1,000 acres (4 km2) from the Latter-day Saints and planted extensive vineyards and built a winery.[6]

"The first settler on the site of the present Redlands is recorded to have erected a hut at the corner of what is now Cajon St. and Cypress Ave.; he was a sheep herder, and the year, 1865," reported Ira L. Swett in "Tractions of the Orange Empire." Lugonia attracted settlers; in 1869, Barry Roberts, followed a year later by the Craw and Glover families. "The first school teacher in Lugonia, George W. Beattie, arrived in 1874—shortly followed by the town's first negro settler, Israel Beal."[7]

Railroads

In the 1880s, the arrival of the Southern Pacific and Atchison, Topeka and Santa Fe Railroads, connecting Southern California to San Francisco and Salt Lake triggered a land boom, with speculators such as John W. North flooding the area now known as the Inland Empire. North and others saw the area, with its hot, dry climate and ready access to water as an ideal center for citrus production. The city of Redlands was soon established by Frank E. Brown, a civil engineer, and E. G. Judson, a New York stock broker, to provide a center (along with North's nearby settlement at Riverside) for the burgeoning citrus industry. They named their city “Redlands” after the color of the adobe soil.[8] So large had the area grown by 1888 that it was decided to incorporate. "A red-letter day in the Annals of Redlands," pronounced Scipio Craig, editor of The Citrograph newspaper, of the November 26 incorporation.[9][10] The original community of Lugonia was absorbed at this time.

The Redlands Street Railway Company was incorporated on March 22, 1888, acquiring on June 5 a franchise from the San Bernardino County Supervisors dating to December 1887, conveying the right to construct, operate and maintain for a term of 50 years a line of street railways in Redlands, Terracina and vicinity.[11] The initial operations began in June 1889 with a single-track line operating two-mule-team cars, the first street railway company of several to provide service to the community. Electrification and new rails replaced mules in 1899.[12] Most Redlands street railways would pass to the San Bernardino Valley Traction Company in a consolidation on June 3, 1903,[13] and thence to the Pacific Electric in the "Great Merger" of Huntington properties under new ownership by the Southern Pacific Transportation Company on February 8, 1911.[14] Henry E. Huntington, nephew of late Southern Pacific president Collis P. Huntington, had gained control of the four-mile (6 km)-long streetcar line of the Redlands Central Railway Company in 1908.[15]

The Pacific Electric Railway completed an interurban connection between Los Angeles and San Bernardino in 1914, providing a convenient, speedy connection to the fast-growing city of Los Angeles and its new port at San Pedro, bringing greater prosperity to the town and a new role as a vacation destination for wealthy Angelenos. Redlands was the eastern terminus of the "Big Red Car" system. At its peak, PE operated five local routes in Redlands, with streetcars running to Smiley Heights, and on Orange, Olive, and Citrus Avenues.[16] Pacific Electric interurban service to Redlands was abandoned on July 20, 1936, with 2.07 miles (3.33 km) of track into the city lifted,[17] although PE and Southern Pacific (parent company of PE) provided freight service as far as the Sunkist packing plant on San Bernardino Avenue[18] into at least the 1970s. The abandoned Pacific Electric La Quinta trestle over the Santa Ana River stands today, immediately south of San Bernardino International Airport.

Redlands, California, 1908.

Redlands peak period

At the turn of the 20th century, Redlands was the "Palm Springs" of the next century, with roses being planted along many city thoroughfares. Some of these plantings would survive as wild thickets into the 1970s, especially adjacent to orange groves where property management was lax. Washingtonia palms (Washingtonia robusta) were planted along many main avenues. In fact, Redlands was the first city to have center medians with trees or gardens in between roads. So beautifully kept was the area, with the dramatic mountain backdrops, that for several years the Santa Fe Railroad operated excursion trains along the loop that passed through the orange groves of Redlands and Mentone, across the Santa Ana River, and back into San Bernardino via East Highlands, Highlands and Patton, and advertised as the "Kite Route" due to its multi-sided alignment. The trestle over "the Wash" north of Mentone was carried away during a flood in 1938 and never replaced, the line being truncated there. The Southern Pacific branch line from the San Timoteo Canyon to Crafton was abandoned after the downtown packing house business died. A thru-truss bridge over the Zanja (locally pronounced "Zank-ee") exists today, abandoned in place. Burlington Northern Santa Fe, result of the AT&SF-Burlington Northern merger, applied to abandon its San Bernardino-connected branch line east of downtown Redlands in 2007. A move was made by transit activists to have this branch revitalized as part of the Southern California transit districts, but it came to nothing.

The city has been visited by three U.S. Presidents: William McKinley was the first in 1901, followed by Theodore Roosevelt in 1903 and William Howard Taft in 1909. Local landmarks include the A.K. Smiley Public Library, a Moorish-style library built in 1898, and the Redlands Bowl, built in 1930 and home of the oldest continuously free outdoor concert series in the United States. Located behind the Smiley Library is the Lincoln Shrine, the only memorial honoring the "Great Emancipator", the sixteenth president, west of the Mississippi River. Other famous homes include “America’s Favorite Victorian,” the Morey Mansion,[19] on Terracina Boulevard, and the Kimberly Crest House and Gardens, a home museum featured on the PBS series “America’s Castles.” Named after the family that purchased the house, the owners of Kimberly-Clark (makers of paper goods and Kleenex), it is a beautiful mansion set high on a hill overlooking the whole valley. Redlands is still regarded as the "Jewel of the Inland Empire."[20] In the mid-late 20th Century, Redlands was home to various light manufacturing firms, and became a bedroom community for the military personnel and contractor employees of the aerospace industry that supported missions at Norton Air Force Base as well as the Lockheed Propulsion Company plant in Mentone. The citrus industry declined in the area as more agricultural areas were replaced by subdivisions, and all three citrus packing houses (two in downtown and one on San Bernardino Avenue) had closed by the end of the 1900s.

Geography

According to the United States Census Bureau, the city has a total area of 36.4 square miles (94 km2). 36.1 square miles (93 km2) of it is land and 0.3 square miles (0.78 km2) of it (0.83%) is water.

Demographics

2010

The 2010 United States Census[21] reported that Redlands had a population of 68,747. The population density was 1,887.3 people per square mile (728.7/km²). The racial makeup of Redlands was 47,452 (69.0%) White, 3,564 (5.2%) African American, 625 (0.9%) Native American, 5,216 (7.6%) Asian, 235 (0.3%) Pacific Islander, 8,266 (12.0%) from other races, and 3,389 (4.9%) from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 20,810 persons (30.3%).

The Census reported that 66,379 people (96.6% of the population) lived in households, 1,856 (2.7%) lived in non-institutionalized group quarters, and 512 (0.7%) were institutionalized.

There were 24,764 households, out of which 8,598 (34.7%) had children under the age of 18 living in them, 12,374 (50.0%) were opposite-sex married couples living together, 3,397 (13.7%) had a female householder with no husband present, 1,291 (5.2%) had a male householder with no wife present. There were 1,255 (5.1%) unmarried opposite-sex partnerships, and 164 (0.7%) same-sex married couples or partnerships. 6,083 households (24.6%) were made up of individuals and 2,198 (8.9%) had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.68. There were 17,062 families (68.9% of all households); the average family size was 3.21.

The population was spread out with 16,273 people (23.7%) under the age of 18, 8,185 people (11.9%) aged 18 to 24, 17,381 people (25.3%) aged 25 to 44, 17,930 people (26.1%) aged 45 to 64, and 8,978 people (13.1%) who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 36.2 years. For every 100 females there were 90.9 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 87.3 males.

There were 26,634 housing units at an average density of 731.2 per square mile (282.3/km²), of which 15,061 (60.8%) were owner-occupied, and 9,703 (39.2%) were occupied by renters. The homeowner vacancy rate was 2.2%; the rental vacancy rate was 7.9%. 41,102 people (59.8% of the population) lived in owner-occupied housing units and 25,277 people (36.8%) lived in rental housing units.

2000

As of the census[22] of 2000, there were 63,591 people, 23,593 households, and 16,019 families residing in the city. The population density was 1,793.1 inhabitants per square mile (692.2/km²). There were 24,790 housing units at an average density of 699.0 per square mile (269.8/km²). The racial makeup of the city was 73.7% White, 4.3% African American, 0.9% Native American, 5.1% Asian, 0.2% Pacific Islander, 11.3% from other races, and 4.4% from two or more races. Hispanic or Latino of any race were 24.1% of the population. The approximate population is 72,008 (as of March 2008).

There were 23,593 households out of which 33.5% had children under the age of 18 living with them, 50.6% were married couples living together, 13.0% had a female householder with no husband present, and 32.1% were non-families. 26.0% of all households were made up of individuals and 9.2% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older. The average household size was 2.6 and the average family size was 3.2.

In the city the population was spread out with 26.2% under the age of 18, 10.7% from 18 to 24, 27.9% from 25 to 44, 22.7% from 45 to 64, and 12.6% who were 65 years of age or older. The median age was 35 years. For every 100 females there were 89.4 males. For every 100 females age 18 and over, there were 85.4 males.

The median income for a household in the city was $58,155, and the median income for a family was $76,254. Males had a median income of $64,408 versus $52,122 for females. The per capita income for the city was $24,237. About 2.7% of families and 1.5% of the population were below the poverty line, including 8.5% of those under age 18 and 5.2% of those age 65 or over.

The 2008 population estimated by the California Department of Finance was 71,807.[23]

Government

Federal

Redlands is represented in the United States Senate by Democrats Barbara Boxer and Diane Feinstein.

Redlands is located in California's 41st congressional district, which has a Cook PVI of R +9[24] and is represented by Republican Jerry Lewis.

State

In the state legislature Redlands is located in the 31st Senate District, represented by Republican Robert Dutton, and in the 59th, 63rd and 65th Assembly Districts, represented by Republicans Tim Donnelly, Bill Emmerson, and Paul Cook respectively.

Local

The city uses a Mayor and City-Council system, each serving a four year term.

Education

Higher education

Public education

Redlands Unified School District

Private education

Transportation

Coming west from Los Angeles and heading east toward Palm Springs, Interstate 10 bisects Redlands. A tempestuous political battle occurred in the 1950s when three routes for the new freeway were considered, one north of town through the Lugonia district, the center route through the city, and a southern alignment through San Timoteo Canyon, parallelling the Southern Pacific railroad tracks. The central route was finalized in 1957 and Redlands Mayor Charles Parker cut the ceremonial ribbon to open the new interstate on August 28, 1962.[26] The new State Route 210 or Foothill Freeway ends at Interstate 10 in Redlands, then heads west toward Pasadena and Los Angeles. The San Bernardino line of the Greater Los Angeles regional transportation system called Metrolink has a stop in nearby San Bernardino. The San Bernardino based Omnitrans bus system which handles the bus service for the area serves Redlands.[20]

A passenger rail connection to San Bernardino is planned to open in the mid to late 2010s.[27]

Airports

Economy

Culture

Historic structures

Museums

Theatre and Music

Open spaces

The city of Redlands owns and operates 14 public parks totaling more than 143 acres (0.58 km2):

The Redlands Conservancy has established 10 city-approved trails [49]:

  • Bluffs Trail
  • Caroline Park Trail
  • East Valley Corridor Bikeway
  • Garden-Mariposa Trail
  • Gold Hill/Panorama Point Trail
  • Oak Ridge and Oakmont Trails
  • Orange Blossom Rail Trail
  • Teddy's Trail
  • San Timoteo Creek Flood Control Trail
  • Sylvan Park Trail

Local attractions

Local events

Local references

Religion

A variety of religions have a presence in Redlands, including a number of Christian faiths, Judaism, and Islam. There is a Redlands Area Interfaith Council.[59]

The Redlands California Temple is the 116th operating temple of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints and one of four LDS temples in Southern California.

Notable natives and residents

Sister cities

Redlands has two sister cities, as designated by Sister Cities International:

See also

References

  1. ^ "Redlands- City Mayor". http://www.ci.redlands.ca.us/clerk/aguilar.htm. Retrieved February 25, 2010. 
  2. ^ U.S. Census
  3. ^ "USPS – ZIP Code Lookup – Find a ZIP+ 4 Code By City Results". http://zip4.usps.com/zip4/zcl_1_results.jsp?visited=1&pagenumber=0&state=ca&city=Rancho%20Cucamonga. Retrieved February 20, 2007. 
  4. ^ "Number Administration System – NPA and City/Town Search Results". http://www.nanpa.com/nas/public/npa_city_query_step2.do?method=displayData&cityToNpaModel.stateAbbr=CA&cityToNpaModel.city=Rancho%20Cucamonga. Retrieved February 20, 2007. 
  5. ^ Robinson, W.W. (1962). The Story of San Bernardino County. San Bernardino, California: Title Insurance and Trust Company. 
  6. ^ Hinckley, Edith B. (1951). On the Banks of the Zanja: The Story of Redlands. Claremont, California: The Saunders Press. p. 42. 
  7. ^ Swett, Ira L., "Tractions of the Orange Empire", Interurbans Special Number Forty-One, Interurbans Magazine, Los Angeles, California, August 1967, Chapter 7, Redlands The Beautiful, page 61.
  8. ^ "About the City of Redlands". Redlands.edu. http://www.redlands.edu/x91.xml. Retrieved February 22, 2011. 
  9. ^ Craig, Scipio, "HURRAH! For the City of Redlands ! ! – Incorporation Carried by a Rousing Majority", The Citrograph, Redlands, California, Extra, November 27, 1888, Volume 3, Number -, front page.
  10. ^ Swett, Ira L., "Tractions of the Orange Empire", Interurbans Special Number Forty-One, Interurbans Magazine, Los Angeles, California, August 1967, Chapter 7, Redlands The Beautiful, pages 60–61.
  11. ^ Swett, Ira L., "Tractions of the Orange Empire", Interurbans Special Number Forty-One, Interurbans Magazine, Los Angeles, California, August 1967, Chapter 7, The Horse Cars of Redlands, page 34.
  12. ^ Swett, Ira L., "Tractions of the Orange Empire", Interurbans Special Number Forty-One, Interurbans Magazine, Los Angeles, California, August 1967, Chapter 7, Official Corporate (PE) Histories – The Redlands Street Railway Company, page 35.
  13. ^ Swett, Ira L., "Tractions of the Orange Empire", Interurbans Special Number Forty-One, Interurbans Magazine, Los Angeles, California, August 1967, Chapter 7, The Redlands Street Railway Company, page 54.
  14. ^ Swett, Ira L., "Tractions of the Orange Empire", Interurbans Special Number Forty-One, Interurbans Magazine, Los Angeles, California, August 1967, Chapter 21, Pacific Electric Waxes and Wanes, page 235.
  15. ^ Crump, Spencer, "Ride the Big Red Cars – The Pacific Electric Story", Trans-Anglo Books, a division of Interurban Press, Glendale, California, 1983, Seventh Edition – Summer 1988, Library of Congress card number 77-72017, ISBN 0-87046-047-1, page 65.
  16. ^ Crump, Spencer, "Ride the Big Red Cars – The Pacific Electric Story", Trans-Anglo Books, a division of Interurban Press, Glendale, California, 1983, Seventh Edition – Summer 1988, Library of Congress card number 77-72017, ISBN 0-87046-047-1, page 95.
  17. ^ http://www.erha.org/pensb.htm
  18. ^ Swett, Ira L., "Tractions of the Orange Empire", Interurbans Special Number Forty-One, Interurbans Magazine, Los Angeles, California, August 1967, Chapter 7, The Redlands Interurban Line, page 85.
  19. ^ Morey Mansion
  20. ^ a b "ESRI: Redlands Brochure (2007) –". http://www.esri.com/library/brochures/pdfs/redlands_guide.pdf. Retrieved January 5, 2007. 
  21. ^ All data are derived from the United States Census Bureau reports from the 2010 United States Census, and are accessible on-line here. The data on unmarried partnerships and same-sex married couples are from the Census report DEC_10_SF1_PCT15. All other housing and population data are from Census report DEC_10_DP_DPDP1. Both reports are viewable online or downloadable in a zip file containing a comma-delimited data file. The area data, from which densities are calculated, are available on-line here. Percentage totals may not add to 100% due to rounding. The Census Bureau defines families as a household containing one or more people related to the householder by birth, opposite-sex marriage, or adoption. People living in group quarters are tabulated by the Census Bureau as neither owners nor renters. For further details, see the text files accompanying the data files containing the Census reports mentioned above.
  22. ^ "American FactFinder". United States Census Bureau. http://factfinder.census.gov. Retrieved 2008-01-31. 
  23. ^ "State of California, Department of Finance, E-1 Population Estimates for Cities, Counties and the State with Annual Percent Change — January 1, 2007 and 2008. Sacramento, California, May 2008". Dof.ca.gov. http://www.dof.ca.gov/research/demographic/reports/estimates/e-1_2006-07/. Retrieved February 22, 2011. 
  24. ^ "Will Gerrymandered Districts Stem the Wave of Voter Unrest?". Campaign Legal Center Blog. http://www.clcblog.org/blog_item-85.html. Retrieved February 10, 2008. 
  25. ^ "Christ the King REDLANDS Pre-K". Ctkredlands.org. http://ctkredlands.org. Retrieved February 22, 2011. 
  26. ^ Moore, Frank Ensor (1995). Redlands Astride the Freeway: The Development of Good Automobile Roads. Redlands, California: Moore Historical Foundation. ISBN 0-914167-07-3. 
  27. ^ "Imperfect Rail Solution". The Press-Enterprise. 16 May 2011. Archived from the original on 4 November 2011. http://www.webcitation.org/62yydEzrq. Retrieved 5 November 2011. 
  28. ^ "Hydro Tek Systems". Hydrotek.us. http://www.hydrotek.us/. Retrieved February 22, 2011. 
  29. ^ "Gill Batteries". Gill Batteries. http://www.gillbatteries.com/. Retrieved February 22, 2011. 
  30. ^ "National Register of Historic Place Website". http://nrhp.focus.nps.gov/natreghome.do. 
  31. ^ "California Historical Landmarks Website". http://ohp.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=21476. 
  32. ^ "Redlands Historical Society Website". http://www.rahs.org/. 
  33. ^ "Edwards Mansion Website". http://www.edwardsmansion.com/history.html. 
  34. ^ "Kimberly Crest Website". http://www.kimberlycrest.org/aboutus.htm. 
  35. ^ "Morey Mansion Website". http://www.moreymansion.com/history.htm. 
  36. ^ "Lincoln Shrine Website". http://www.lincolnshrine.org/. 
  37. ^ "Redlands Historical Museum". Redlands Historical Museum. http://www.redlandshistoricalmuseum.org/. Retrieved February 22, 2011. 
  38. ^ "Redlands Historical Glass Museum". Historicalglassmuseum.com. August 2, 2005. http://historicalglassmuseum.com/. Retrieved February 22, 2011. 
  39. ^ "San Bernardino County Museum". Co.san-bernardino.ca.us. http://www.co.san-bernardino.ca.us/museum/. Retrieved February 22, 2011. 
  40. ^ "Fox Event Center Website". http://www.foxeventcenter.com/Concerts_Shows.html. 
  41. ^ "Lifehouse Theater Website". http://www.lifehousetheater.com/. 
  42. ^ "Redlands Bowl Website". http://www.redlandsbowl.com/. 
  43. ^ "Redlands Chamber Music Society Website". http://www.redlandschambermusicsociety.com/. 
  44. ^ "Redlands Footlighters Website". http://www.redlandsfootlighters.org/. 
  45. ^ "Redlands Symphony Website". http://redlandssymphony.com/. 
  46. ^ "Redlands Theatre Festival Website". http://www.rtfseason.org/. 
  47. ^ "Redlands Shakespeare Festival Website". http://www.redlandsshakespearefestival.com/. 
  48. ^ LINCOLN MEMORIAL SHRINE – Boy Scout Pilgrimage
  49. ^ "Redlands Conservancy Website". http://www.redlandsconservancy.org/. 
  50. ^ "Hangar 24 Craft Brewery". Hangar24brewery.com. http://hangar24brewery.com/index.htm. Retrieved February 22, 2011. 
  51. ^ "Hangar 24 Craft Brewery". Hangar24brewery.com. http://hangar24brewery.com/co_orangewheat.htm. Retrieved February 22, 2011. 
  52. ^ "Redlands Events Website". http://www.redlandsweb.com/about/events/July4th.htm. 
  53. ^ "Redlands Events Website". http://www.redlands-events.com/lincoln.htm. 
  54. ^ "Redlands Bicycle Classic Website". http://www.redlandsclassic.com/. 
  55. ^ "Redlands Events Website". http://www.redlands-events.com/Triathlon.htm. 
  56. ^ "Redlands Events Website". http://www.redlands-events.com/RTR1.htm. 
  57. ^ "Jardien's Dream". Jardiensdream.blogspot.com. http://jardiensdream.blogspot.com/. Retrieved February 22, 2011. 
  58. ^ "Internet Movie Data Base Website". http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0102803/. 
  59. ^ See Redlands Detailed Profile, Redlands Worship, and Religious Diversity News.

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